Thursday, August 15, 2019
Asgn
Direction: â€Å"Design and Innovation†Audi| Answers: ( )| [ ]| Q5| ( )| [ ]| A1| (x)| [+]| R8| ( )| [ ]| TT| | Direction: â€Å"Fits all†Maruti| Answers: ( )| [ ]| Eeco| (x)| [+]| Omni| ( )| [ ]| Versa| ( )| [ ]| WagonR| | Direction: â€Å"Built for the unwritten road†Volvo| Answers: ( )| [ ]| XC60| ( )| [ ]| V70| (x)| [+]| S80| ( )| [ ]| C30| | â€Å"Let’s go†Maruti| Answers: (x)| [+]| Alto| ( )| [ ]| 800| ( )| [ ]| Swift| ( )| [ ]| Estilo| | Just do it! A. Nike B. Adidas C. Reebok D. Goodyear The correct answer is A. Nike Q. 14)  There are some things money can't buy, for everything else there's ______. A. Visa B.American Express C. Mastercard D. Discover The correct answer is C. Mastercard A rainbow (or any other color now) fruit with a bite taken out of it? a) Macintosh Mowers b) Musselman's c) Apple d) Chiquita The correct answer is c) Apple 0. The ‘wave'? a) Big Sur Waterbeds b) Coca-Cola c) Shoreline telephone d) Beech-nut gum The correct answer is b) Coca-Cola What is ‘Six Sigma'? a. A mathematical model for increasing output while lowering costs b. A system of quality management c. A form of industrial dispute arbitration d. An ad-hoc grouping of the world's six most valuable companies The correct answer is b.A system of quality management . Jack Welch is regarded as one of the great business innovators of the modern era. Of which company was he CEO? a. Pfizer b. IBM c. Wal-Mart d. General Electric The correct answer is d. General Electric The production system of which car giant is often held up as a model of business innovation? a. Fiat b. Volkswagen c. Peugeot d. Toyota The correct answer is d. Toyota According to World Health Organization estimates, how many people are currently living with HIV/AIDS worldwide? a. 9. 6 million b. 20. 4 million c. 39. 4 million d. 40. 2 million The correct answer is c. 9. 4 million A loan to pay for a home, business or other real estate over a period of time is a a) deposit b) bankruptcy c) mortgage The correct answer is c) mortgage You read ____ news paper because – You deserve to know a) Times of India b) Hindustan Times c) The Hindu d) Bombay Times The correct answer is b) Hindustan Times Which companies mobile phone are marketed with the slogan – Big inside. Small Outside a) Nokia b) Sony c) Samsung d) Motorola The correct answer is c) Samsung Louie Philippe is the brand name of a a) shirt b) paper c) car d) luggage ware The correct answer is a) shirt  Power is the name of oil from which of the following Oil gaints? a) IOCL b) HP c) BPCL d) Shell The correct answer is b) HP According to the Economic Survey, India is placed at which place in Wireless Network mobile users in the World? a) First b) Second c) Third d) Fourth The correct answer is b) Second hat was the achieved growth rate of GDP in Ninth Five Year Plan? a) 8. 0% b) 7. 0% c) 7. 5% d) 8. 5% The correct answer is b) 7. 0% When did ICC World Cup 2012 Cricket Tournament start? a) February 14, 2012 b) September 18, 2012 c) January 13, 2012 d) August 14, 2012 The correct answer is b) September 18, 2012Finance Bold one is right Financial accounting is focused on the __________ financial statements of a company. | external              internal| Which of these two accounting methods has the most potential to distort financial operating results? | a. | Cash basis| | b. | Accrual basis| | c. | Neither – they produce the same result| | The Marketing Mix consists of: | | | :-)| A  | Product, Price, Place, Promotion | | | |         |  B  | People, Products, Price, Place | | | |         |  C  | Process, People, Physical Evidence, Product| | | |         |  D  | Price, Promotion, Advertising, Place | | |         |  E  | Process, Place, Physical Eviden ce, Product| | Positioning refers to: |         |  A  | How consumers perceive the product. | |         |  B  | How competitors perceive the product. | |         |  C  | How products are viewed on the shelf. | |         |  D  | Your product compared to your competitors. | Brand names are primarily used to: |         |  A  | Show consumers you own the product. | |         |  B  | Spice up the image of a product. | |         |  C  | To help identify a product. | |         |  D  | To help consumers select a product/service. | Market segmentation refers to:         |  A  | Dividing products into distinct groups. |  |         |  B  | Dividing competitors into distinct groups. | à ‚ |         |  C  | Analysing consumer behaviour. |  |         |  D  | The process of dividing markets into distinct groups of buyers. | | | | | PEST is used for: |         |  A  | Customer analysis. | |         |  B  | Environmental analysis. | |         |  C  | Competitor analysis. | |         |  D  | Product adoption analysis. | . Name the Person of India who was appointed as Chief Economist of World Bank. (a) Kaushik basu (b) Jaideep Sarkar (c) Narayan Murthy (d) Nandan NilkeniAnswer: (a) Kaushik basu The Supreme Court of India on 4 September 2012 directed the Union Government of India to re-fix the pay scale of army officers affected by the which Pay Commission? (a) Fourth pay Commission (b) Sixth pay Commission (c) Fifth Pay Commission (d) None of these Answer: (a) Fourth p ay Commission 2. At what interest rate percent per annum, The Union Cabinet gave its approval to continue interest subsidy to Public Sector Banks (PSBs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Cooperatives Banks and NABARD enabling them to provide short-term crop loans of up to Rs 3 lakhs to farmers during the year 2012-13? a) 7% Per annum (b) 8. 5 % Per annum (c) 6 % Per annum (d) 5 % per annum Answer: (a) 7 % per annum To what percent Government of India on 11 September 2012 reduced interest rates on rescheduled crop loans from 12 percent in the drought-affected areas for the fiscal year 2012-13 (a) 8 percent (b) 5 percent (c) 7 percent (d) 6 percent Answer: (c) 7 Percent 4. The State Health Ministry of Arunachal Pradesh launched a scheme in Itanagar on 14 September 2012 for providing financial assistance upto 1. 5 lakh rupees to BPL patients suffering from life threatening diseases in the form of a onetime grant.What was the name of that scheme? (a) Rashtriya Aarogya Nidhi (b) Rashtriya Janseva Nidhi (c) Rashtriya Sarvoklayan Prayojna (d) None of these Answer: (a) Rashtriya Aarogya Nidhi 5. Name the Person of India who was appointed as Chief Economist of World Bank. (a) Kaushik basu (b) Jaideep Sarkar (c) Narayan Murthy (d) Nandan Nilkeni Answer: (a) Kaushik basu Name the Indian boxer and London Olympic bronze medalist  who on 24 September 2012 named as the brand ambassador of super fight league. (a) Vijendra Singh (b) M C Mary Kom (c) Manoj Kumar (d) Vikas Krishan Answer: (b) M C Mary Kom 3.Name the Former Cricketer and all-rounder, who was appointed as the Chairman of the five member senior selection committee of BCCI on 27 September 2012. (a) Saba Karim (b) Vikram Rathour (c) Sandeep Patil (d) Rajinder Singh Hans. Answer: (c) Sandeep Patil 4. Deepika Kumari the Sports Person from India, won Silver at Recurve World Cup on 23 September 2012 in Tokyo. Recurve world Cup is related to which Sports Event? (a) Archery (b) Shooting (c) Disc Thro wing (d) Volley ball Answer: (a) Archery 5. Which Indian golfer wrapped up a four-shot victory at the Yeangder tournament players Championship in Chinese Taipei on 17 September 2012? a) Gaganjeet Bhullar (b) Jeev Mikha Singh (c) Shiv Kapur (d) Jyoti Randhawa Answer: (a) Gaganjeet Bhullar Name the person who on 13 September 2012 was appointed as the 39th chief justice of India (a) Justice Altamas Kabir (b) Justice A. K. Sikri (c) Rajeev Gupta (d) Justice Mohit Shantilal Shah Answer: (a) Justice Altamas Kabir 2. Which person was appointed as the president of, The Indian Newspaper Society for the year 2012-2013 on 13 September 2012 during the 73rd annual meet of the Newspaper Society? (a) K. N. Tilak Kumar (b) Ravindra Kumar (c) Ashish Bagga (d) Pradeep Gupta Answer: (a) K. N. Tilak Kumar 3.On which date Vayalar Ravi, Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs inaugurated the 7th Heads of Indian Missions (HoMs) conference and announced revised Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) scheme. (a) 15 September 2012 (b) 16 September 2012 (c) 17 September 2012 (d) 20 September 2012 Answer: (c) 17 September 2012 4. The Supreme Court of India on 14 September 2012 lifted the gag order on media reporting of troop movement that was ordered by one of the High Court. HC order was in violation of the fundamental right under Article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution, granted to the media and every citizen of the country.The order came from which of the high court? (a) Allahabad High court (b) Calcutta high court (c) Karnataka high court (d) Madras high court Answer: (a) Allahabad High court 5. The Union government hiked Dearness Allowance (DA) by what percent benefiting its 80 lakh employees and pensioners and costing the exchequer an additional Rs7,408 crore annually? (a) 4 percent (b) 8 percent (c) 7 percent (d) 6 percent Answer: (c) 7 percent For what percent, The Government of India on 20 September 2012 hiked the foreign investment cap for the broadcasting service providers? (a) 65 perc ent (b) 74 percent (c) 80 percent d) 54 percent Answer: (b) 74 percent 2. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on 24 September 2012 approved a package on debt restructuring for the state-electricity boards. What was net worth of that package? (a) 1. 90 lakh Crore (b) 3. 5 lakh Crore (c) 2. 6 lakh Crore (d) 1. 25 lakh Crore Answer: (a) 1. 90 lakh crore 3. Which agency was instructed by the Central Vigilance Commission on 24 September 2012 to expand its investigation scope on Coal Block Allocation to private firms in between 1993 to 2004? (a) Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (b) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) c) CAG Committee (d) None of These Answer: (b) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 4. Market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has approved a proposed hike of the government's stake in Industrial Finance Corporation of India Ltd (IFCI) to make it a state-run company. What was hike that Percent? (a) 56. 25 Percent (b) 55. 57 Percent (c ) 54. 35 Percent (d) 58. 65 Percent Answer: (b) 55. 5 Percent 5. State Bank of India, the country’s largest bank, cuts its base rate with how much point making it to 9. 75 percent? (a) 25 basis point (b) 45 basis point (c) 35 basis point d) 50 basis point Answer: (a) 15 basis point The Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited introduced a system for making the payment of the bookings via mobile phones. What is the name of that system? (a) Interbank Mobile Payment System (IMPS) (b) Sybase mobile banking System (c) Railway mobile banking system (d) PNB mobile banking System Answer: (a) Interbank Mobile Payment System (IMPS) 2. Name the Union Minister who had suggested setting up of a National Investment Board (NIB) under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to accord speedy clearances to mega proposals. a) Sharad Pawar (b) A. K. Antony (c) Kapil Sibal (d) P. Chidambaram Answer (d) P. Chidambaram 3. Reserve Bank of India injected a liquidity of around ___________by slash ing down the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by 25 basis points to 4. 50 percent from 4. 75 percent. (a) 17000 crore (b) 15000 crore (c) 10000 crore (d) 12000 crore Answer: (a) 17000 crore 4. Shimla Municipal Corporation introduced a Tax on Shimla entry of vehicles that are not registered in Himachal Pradesh. What was the name of that tax? (a) Envy Tax (b) Green Tax (c) Carbon tax (d) Natural resource consumption taxAnswer: (b) Green tax 5. Name the report which was submitted to the finance minister of India by the Shome Committee constituted by the Central Board of Direct Taxes, after the approval of Prime Minister of India. (a) GARR Report (b) CAG Report (c) Financial Credit Report (d) Tax Mitigation Report Answer: (a) GARR Report Name the astronaut of Indian American origin who took over the command of International Space Station on 15 September 2012. (a) Sunita Williams (b) Kalpana Chawla (c) Ravish Malhotra (d) None of these Answer: (a) Sunita Williams 2.Scientists at Goddard Inst itute for Space Studies (GISS) warned that most of Earth's land areas might face an extreme summer heat wave than they did faced in between 1951 to 1980. Goddard Institute of Space Studies is a division of which space research centre? (a) ISRO (b) NASA (c) Centre of astrophysics (d) European Space Agency Answer: (b) NASA 3. On which date from 1995 onwards the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is celebrated worldwide? (a) 15 September (b) 18 September (c) 16 September (d) 12 September Answer: (c) 16 September 4.Where the ozone layer is mainly found in the Earth’s atmosphere? (a) Stratosphere (b) Hemisphere (c) Ozonosphere (d) Troposphere Answer: (a) Stratosphere 5. The environment ministry on 12 September 2012 suspended the clearance of environmental guidelines issued to 93 Mines across which state? (a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Rajasthan (c) Goa (d) Madhya Pradesh Answer: (c) Goa The Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited introduced a syste m for making the payment of the bookings via mobile phones. What is the name of that system? (a) Interbank Mobile Payment System (IMPS) (b) Sybase mobile banking System c) Railway mobile banking system (d) PNB mobile banking System Answer: (a) Interbank Mobile Payment System (IMPS) 2. Name the Union Minister who had suggested setting up of a National Investment Board (NIB) under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to accord speedy clearances to mega proposals. (a) Sharad Pawar (b) A. K. Antony (c) Kapil Sibal (d) P. Chidambaram Answer (d) P. Chidambaram 3. Reserve Bank of India injected a liquidity of around ___________by slashing down the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by 25 basis points to 4. 50 percent from 4. 75 percent. (a) 17000 crore (b) 15000 crore (c) 10000 crore d) 12000 crore Answer: (a) 17000 crore 4. Shimla Municipal Corporation introduced a Tax on Shimla entry of vehicles that are not registered in Himachal Pradesh. What was the name of that tax? (a) Envy Tax (b) Green Tax (c) Car bon tax (d) Natural resource consumption tax Answer: (b) Green tax 5. Name the report which was submitted to the finance minister of India by the Shome Committee constituted by the Central Board of Direct Taxes, after the approval of Prime Minister of India. (a) GARR Report (b) CAG Report (c) Financial Credit Report (d) Tax Mitigation Report Answer: (a) GARR Report
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Synthetic Milk
Assessment of synthetic milk exposure to children of selected population in Uttar Pradesh, India Shuchi R. Bhatt1, Dr. Anita Singh2 and S. M. Bhatt3 (Abstract) The present study was carried out keeping in view the recently emerging concern of the adulteration of the natural milk with the synthetic milk. Synthetic milk is prepared by emulsifying vegetable oils with appropriate amount of detergent and urea. Samples of the natural milk with synthetic milk were analyzed for concentration of urea and detergent and their effect is assayed through survey in different population in Uttar Pradesh, India.Children’s had different range of intake of milk. Children of age group 1-5 years consumes about 50-250 mg of milk daily, while of age group 6-18 years of children consumes about 250-1000 ml milk/day and children’s of age group 19-22 consumes milk about 500-1000 ml milk /day. Addition of synthetic milk is on large scale in Meerut district of U. P. and mostly urea in such milk cre ating huge problem of headache, eyesight and diarrhea in children. Keywords: Milk adulteration; Synthetic milk, detection, urea 1.Research Scholar, Faculty of H. Sc, Sri. A. K. A. P. G. Collage Varanasi. 2. Head, Department of Food & Nutrition, Sri. Agrasen Kanya Autonomous P. G. College. Parmanandpur, Varanasi. 3. School of Biochemical Engineering, Institule of Technology B. H. U. Varanasi. Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] co. in 1 Introduction Liquid milk is an essential nutritional food for infants as well as the aged. Adulteration of natural milk with a chemically synthesized milky liquid (synthetic milk) is a matter of serious concern.The dairy industry employs various checks these tests commonly include determination of fat and total solids by chemical or physical analyses; estimation of sediment by forcing milk through filter pads and noting the residue left; determination of Bacterial count and determination of freezing point etc. (Dean, 1985; Fox, 1992). How ever, most of these measurements are expensive and time consuming like measurement of conductance (Mebrook & Petty 2003 a and b; Willard et al 2003). Synthetic milk is an excellent imitation of natural milk.Milk fat is mimicked by vegetable oil; the nitrogen component in milk is mimicked by urea; detergents are added to make it frothy. This mixture is so expertly prepared that the specific gravity of the concocted milk is the same as natural buffalo milk. This mixture is then mixed with natural milk in varying proportions. Such milk can be processed into ‘‘value added’’ products which bring in a bigger profit. A recent Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) report has suggested that such adulterated items have a cancerous effect on the human system and can lead to gradual impairment of the body.Milk is a complex mixture of water, lactose, fat, protein, minerals, and vitamins distributed throughout colloidal and soluble phases. Although the cow is the pri ncipal source of milk for human consumption in the United States and many other parts of the world (DePeters 1992). In India most milk is 2 obtained from the buffalo. The composition of milk from buffalo is water (82. 14%), fat (7. 44%), protein (4. 78%), lactose (4. 8%) and ash (0. 83%) (Rangappa & Achary, 1973).On average milk has optimum level of urea and other chemicals but due to habit of making huge profit there is on going malpractice of using synthetic milk in the original milk. Therefore there is need to work out regularly in different region of India to expose such malpractices and to check such malpractices adapted ignoring health concerns of people. The effect of urea on animal reproductive system has been carried out by Ropstad etal 1987. They reported that reproduction system and reproductive cycle in animals get badly affected by high concentration of urea.This work is carried out to expose and to increase the awareness among people to decline such malpractices adapte d, since it is difficult to detect such harmful adulterants in dangerous amount in household. One quick method describe in the article is to check the pH of the milk by pH paper (red turns blue) that is available freely and can’t be adjusted quickly at large scale. Material and method Survey Preschool (1-5 years) and school going (6-18 years) children in urban and rural area from different district of U. P. had been surveyed.A total of 365 household were surveyed in which 70 children’s were of age group 1-5 years, 150 children’s were of age group 6-18 years, and 145 children’s were of age group 19-22 years. Since it was household survey, the homemaker of the household was interviewed for intake of milk. The region of study selected was Varanasi, Bulandsahar, Meerut and Mathura. Thus, 365 individuals in urban area and 365 in rural area were surveyed. The milk were 3 collected from the household and tested for presence of urea and detergent. The frequency m ethod was employed for calculation.The survey includes consumption of milk/day, their effect on health such as headache, eyesight problem, and diarrhea. Also, 160 sample of the milk were collected from different local market, vendors, and stalls of Bulandsahar, Mathura, Meerut, and Varanasi. Qualitative analysis for urea detection Qualitative analysis for urea detection were done by the method describe below 1. Took 5 ml of milk in a test tube 2. Added 20 mg of Soya bean powder & 2 drops of 0. 5 % aqueous solution of Bromothymol blue. 3. Mixed the sample well. 4. The development of Blue colour after 10 min indicates the addition of urea the sample. 5.For confirmatory test was done by adding five ml of milk with 5 ml paradimethyl amino benzaldehyde (16%). If the solution turns yellow in colour, then the given sample of milk is added with urea. Quantitative analysis for urea detection A quantitative estimate of urea was carried out by preparing standard of urea and their pH variation and by utilizing Urease enzyme. For this we took 5 ml of milk in a test tube and added 0. 2 ml of urease (20 mg / ml) and centrifuged it well at room temperature. Now added 0. 1 ml of bromothymol blue solution (0. 5%). The appearance of blue colour after 10-15 min indicates the adulteration milk with urea.Urease can be obtained by adding 4 soybean slurry (source of urease prepared by soaking soybeans overnight or for 12 hours in water and grinding to prepare a slurry). (Dean J. A 1985) The OD of sample was taken in UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (ELICO double beam) at 420 nm. And pH was measured by pH meter using buffer sample set at pH 4. In the presence of urea the red litmus paper turns blue. Urea Standard Solution was prepared by following method – (a) Stock solution concentration was 5 mg / ml. Dissolved 50 gm reagent grade urea in water and dilute to 1 litre with water. b) Working solution was prepared by Pipetting 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 ml stock solution into 250 ml volumetric flask and dilute to volume with phosphate buffer. (c) Reference solution – standard solution was containing 1. 0 mg urea / 5 ml as reference standard. Figure caption Fig. 1 showing variation of pH with different concentration of urea Fig. 2 showing variation of urea and detergent in different region of Uttar Pradesh India Fig. 3 showing children affected by synthetic milk in different age group (a) Headache; (b) Eyesight ; and (c) Diarrhea. 5 Figures Urea 5 4 Urea % (w/v) 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH Fig. 1 showing variation of pH with different concentration of urea 60 Urban Rural % of Urea and detergent adultrants 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bulandsahar Mathura Meerut Varanasi Fig. 2 showing variation of urea and detergent in different region of Uttar Pradesh India 6 Headache 40 35 30 Urban Rural 60 50 Eye sight problem Urban Rural % of sample 25 20 15 10 5 0 1-5 6-18 19-22 % of sample 40 30 20 10 0 1-5 6-18 19-22 age group Age group (a) (b) % of children affected by problem of Diarrhea 60 50 Urban Rural % of total sample 40 30 20 10 0 1-5 6-18 19-22 Age group (c) Fig. showing children affected by synthetic milk in different age group (a) Headache; (b) Eyesight ; and (c) Diarrhea. 7 Tables Table-1 showing different constituents of milk CONSTITUENTS Water Lipid in emulion phase ( mixture of mixed triglecerides) Phospolipids ( lacithine, Cephaline, ) STEROLS carotenoids vit. A, D. E. K Protiens (Casein) B- Lactoglobulin Lactoalbumin Albumin, Psuedoglobulin etc Enzymes ( Catalase, Peroxidase, Amylase, Lipase, Protease) DESSOLVED MATERIALS Carbohydraetes Lactose Glocose ORGANIC AND INORGANIC ION & SALTS Calcium Phosphate Citrate Chloride, Sodium, Pottasium, Magnesium etc.Water soluble Vitamins Thiamin APPROX.. CONCENTRATION / LIT 860 TO 880 gms 30-50gms 0. 30 gms 0. 10 gms 25 gms 3 gms 0. 7gms 40-50 gms 50 mgs 1. 25 gms 2. 10 gms 2. 0 gms 1. 00 gms 0. 4 mg 1. 5 mg 8 Riboflavin Niacin Pyridoxin Pentothenic Acid Biotin Folic acid Chline (Total) Vit B12 inosi tol Ascorbic acid Nitrogenous material Ammonia Amino Acids Urea Creatine and Createnine Uric acid Gases Carbon dio Oxide Oxygen Nitrogen 0. 2 -1. 2 mg 0. 7mg 3. 0 mg 50 mg 1. 0 mg 150 mg 7. 0 mg 180 mg 20 gm 2-12 mg 3. 5 mg 100 mg 15 mg 7 mg Milk exposed to air 15 mg 7. mg 15 mg Copper, Iron, Rb, Trace element Li, Ba, Mn, Al, Zn, B, Co, I Occasionally Present Mc, Cr, Ag, Sn, Ti, 9 Table 2. Average Composition of milk Item Water Lactose Fat True Protein Crude Protein Casein Ash Other Average milk composition % 87. 00 4. 90 3. 70 3. 00 3. 10 2. 60 . 80 . 50 Table -3 showing average milk consumed by different age group Mean of Milk age (years) 1-5 years 6-18 years 19-22 years children consumed 70 150 145 156. 428 SD range 53. 78 50-250 500 274. 77 250-1000 800 224. 22 500-1000 10Table-4 Effect of urea on different age groups in urban area No. of Age group 1-5 years 6-18 19-22 children Headache Eye problem 70 150 145 nil 42 56 8 86 76 Digestion /diarrhea 32 86 76 normal 38 60 69 Table-5 Effect of urea on different age groups in rural area (365 samples) No. of Age group 1-5 years 6-18 19-22 children Headache Eye problem 70 150 145 nil 6 16 2 25 18 Digestion /diarrhea 16 25 18 normal 54 125 127 Table-6 Sample tested in rural area (sample tested 160) No. of sample 40 38 32 50 City >5% urea 5% urea
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
Portfolio- Revisions of two graded essays Assignment
Portfolio- Revisions of two graded essays - Assignment Example This final draft clearly illustrates the problems and solutions to the problems faced by students in Community college of Philadelphia. My paper further compares CCP College to other neighboring colleges and borrows some solutions from the colleges. If the IT department decides to implement the solutions found in my paper, then the standards of CCP computer lab shall be raised to give a stress free environment to students using computers at the lab and an equal chance for all the students to use the computers to complete their projects and class work. Mental peace is crucial while studying and the inability to concentrate can cause a decline in academic performance for any student. Community college of Philadelphia has a high-tech computer lab that has all the necessary resources. This is the reason the computer lab has a high student demand but with a low supply. The low supply usually causes inconvenience to the students who wish to work on assigned projects and college work. The large population in the lab at a particular time makes the room loud making it difficult for the students to concentrate leading to low academic performance. The thesis concentrates on the major problems facing the students of Community College of Philadelphia (CCP), the facilities/ services offered by CCP computer lab and the solutions to the problems in CCP computer lab while comparing the Computer lab to the other labs in the neighboring colleges. Staying focused while studying is a challenge for many students in campus, especially when surrounded by many distractions in the learning environment. Community College of Philadelphia facilitates the Student Academic Computer Center (SACC). SACC in turn provides the students with free access to computer workstations. These computers are updated and have a wide array of updated. In addition, the SACC offers free laser printing services but limited to only 30 pages. Usually, the faculty does
Monday, August 12, 2019
Analyst Management Summary Report of Vodafone UK Essay
Analyst Management Summary Report of Vodafone UK - Essay Example Such a thorough assessment and comparative study with one of its peers, namely France Telecom-Orange, would enable one to recommend whether or not to make an investment of ?1Million in the stocks of Vodafone. Company Profile Vodafone is a global telecommunication company, operating in above 30 nations across the world and with more than 404 million customers (Vodafone, 2012). The company is listed in the London Stock Exchange and has 49,180.6 million shares outstanding (Bloomberg, 2012). ... Additionally, the company had been continuously giving out dividends to its shareholders since the last four years. Financial Ratio Analysis The liquidity position of an organization can be evaluated with the assistance of its current ratio and quick ratio. These ratios establish the organization’s capacity to meet its short-term liabilities. The current ratio can be determined as the ratio of the current assets to the current liabilities of the company, while the quick ratio is computed by dividing the quick assets by the current liabilities. It should be noted that the quick asset of an organization cosist of its cash, receivables and short term marketable investments (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2010). The liquidity ratios of Vodafone are as follows: Year Mar-11 Mar-12 Current Ratio 0.63 0.83 Quick Ratio 0.61 0.81 The analysis of a company’s capability to generate cost-effective sales by means of its resources can be assessed by means of its profitability ratios. These ratio s include the gross profit margin, the net profit margin as well as the returns on equity and assets of the company. The gross profit margin of a firm is the ratio of its gross profit to revenue, while net profit margin is the ratio of net profit to revenue. Then again, the return on equity (ROE) of a company is the value of net income as a percentage of total shareholders’ equity while the return on asset is the value of net income as a percentage of its total assets (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2010). The profitability ratios of Vodafone are as follows: Year Mar-11 Mar-12 Gross Profit Margin 32.84% 32.04% Net Profit Margin 17.37% 14.99% Return on Equity 9.10% 9.04% Return on Asset 5.27% 4.98% The solvency position of a company can be determined by means of
Sunday, August 11, 2019
Testing Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal Research Paper
Testing Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal - Research Paper Example The topographical dimension of South Florida occupies a relatively low-lying carbonated region. The rainfall pattern is relief with low rainfall distribution of 10mm over a region of 100 kilometers. The region also lies on a bedrock majorly composed of carbonate material; this is believed to have been formed over 120,000 years ago. During this time, it is believed that the sea level was approximately 10 meters above the current level. The canals of South Florida are basically Wetlands, which form an important part of the ecosystem. Research has indicated that the current South Florida Canals are facing a major crisis owing to increasing concentration of chlorine and other chemicals in the water bodies. Specifically, combined effects of agriculture and urban activities have had a significant impact on the waters of the South Florida Canal for a period of over 100 years. Apart from projected hyper-salinity in the various water bodies of South Florida Canal, there are factors that have contributed massively towards the deterioration of this natural resource. The first factor is the eutrophication of the wetlands with phosphoric materials. Additionally, past researches have shown that the aquatic life of the wetlands have undergone degradation owing to increased rate of pollution by methyl-mercury. Moreover, there is evidence that anthropogenic activities along the wetlands in the South Florida Canal have contributed to the increased frequency at, which the wetlands dry and affected the natural water flows along the canal.
Saturday, August 10, 2019
Analysis of Association Is Not Causation Research Paper
Analysis of Association Is Not Causation - Research Paper Example The prevailing theory, is one that maintains that alcohol â€Å"reduces inhibitions†(1), and that a compromised mental state leads to violent behavior. They are careful to point out that they are not challenging the reduction of inhibitions, but challenging that the theory that there is a necessary relationship between these mental states and violence, and they cite a broad cross-section of studies that maintain this. If there is a causal relationship between reduced inhibitions, and violence, then there ought to be consistency across all cultures. One of the first challenges they point to, is that there are documented differences of alcohol behavior that â€Å"varies greatly†across cultures(2), and thus there has to be something more than simply a â€Å"pharmacological†explanation. They argue that it is â€Å"expectancy†that explains these differences. ... Thus, the 'expectation' of drinking had more to do with drinking than the actual pharmacological effects. Given that there is no strictly biological causal relation between violence and alcohol consumption, they turn to explain how this view had come about within the scientific literature. One problem they note is the discrepancy between alcohol â€Å"blood levels†(3) and reported incidences of violence. Police reports with actual blood levels measured of intoxicated offenders, indicate that while over 50 % of individuals charged with domestic violence reported alcohol as the cause, less than 20 % of these were actually intoxicated as measured by the toxicity of their blood(3). Likewise, statistical analysis' shows too that while reporting of alcohol use in domestic violence instances, the actual use in terms of â€Å"immediately prior†to the incidence is significantly lower. They conclude that there are important discrepancies with the data when they are closely scru tinized. Finally, the authors examine some of the methodological limitations of many of the studies, and conclude with implicit recommendations for further research based on some of the limitations of the existing research. They point to problems mainly to do with equivocation. That is, problems of defining or distinguishing between the types of drugs used(4), what exactly is violence and abuse(4-5), and finally, the very nature of alcohol consumption – how much, and how frequently is alcohol consumed(6). They argue that these definitional problems are inconsistencies in current research. ANALYSIS: 1. What are the strengths of the article? : The main strength of the article is that they unequivocally demonstrate that the existing literature confused correlation or
Reactivity of M-C bonds and catalytic formation of heterocycles Essay
Reactivity of M-C bonds and catalytic formation of heterocycles - Essay Example This branch deals with the synthesis, properties and application of heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives. Heterocyclics are largely categorized as unsaturated and saturated heterocyclics, depending on their structures(Pfaltz&Drury, 2004). The saturated heterocyclics have been noticed to behave like their acyclic derivatives. The core focuses of heterocyclic compound studies are the unsaturated derivatives of 5- and 6- membered rings, their applications and their predominance of low-numbered rings. Among the 5- and 6-membered unsaturated heterocyclics are pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole and furan. Similarly studied to a large extent are benzene-fused rings of these 5- and 6- membered unsaturated heterocyclics(Nakamura et al., 1998). These benzene-fused derivatives are quinoline, benzothiophene, indole, and benzofuran for pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan respectively. The following are structures of a heterocyclic and a homocyclic compounds namely pyridine, a heterocycli c and cyclo-octasulfur, a homocyclic compound. From the structures of these compounds it is evident that the C-H bond is quite important in their reactions. In fact, it is the activation of this C-H bond that allows for the formation and introduction of other functionality groups/bonds such as M-C or C-C bonds to heterocyclic compounds(Benudhar et al., 2013). Pyridine Cyclo-octasulfur, The core theme in organometallic chemistry is the construction and transformation of metal-carbon bonds. Consequently, most of researches and literatures seem to focus on the traditional M-C bonds formed using the tetravalent carbon bond. However, fewer researchers have concentrated on non-traditional M-C bonds, often referred to as M-C cage bonds, which are found in carborane cages in which the carbon is hypervalent(Nakamura et al., 1998). This paper explores the reactivity of M-C bonds and outlines a plan for the catalytic formation of heterocyclics via the catalytic activation of the M-C bond. Spec ifically, the aim of this paper is the synthesis of some ligands that contain heterocycles or vinyl groups that can undergo C-H activation to form cyclometallated complexes(Benudhar et al., 2013). Further, the paper investigates the reactivity of the cyclometallated complexes with alkynes and alkenes. Thus, the goal is to assess the relative reactivity of different types of M-C bonds. One of the methods used in the catalytic synthesis of heterocycles is the amphibilic metal ligand activation (AMLA). In the AMLA process, the steps in the activation of the C-H bond entail the use of an electrophilic metal in combination with a deprotonation using an intramolecular base, frequently acetate. Chiral ligands are chemical compounds adapted for and largely used in the asymmetric synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Chiral ligands are pure organic enantiomers that combine with metallic centers through the process of chelation to yield asymmetric catalysts(Nakamura et al., 1998). It is this c atalyst that later engages in the chemical reaction in which the chirality of a ligand is transferred to the product of the reaction. That is, while initially the ligand is chiral, at the end of the reaction, it is the product, which is chiral. In model situations or reactions, one equivalent catalyst
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