The New Deal :: American America History

The New Deal The New Deal was a political and social plan that was the presidential campaign platform of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Although Roosevelt was very vague about what it was and actual measures to be taken while running for president, the New Deal was the shinning hope for many Americans who had lost their jobs or were living in poverty. After the United States had plummeted into the greatest depression to face this country while Herbert Hoover lead the country, many voters were looking for anyone with a promising plan and a bright outlook. As banks closed and unemployment rates soared, Roosevelt promised a balanced budget, and spoke of Hoover's rash and excessive spending. The election of 1932 was a landslide in Roosevelt's favor, and he quickly took over as soon as he began his term. Roosevelt called a special session of Congress lasting from March 9 until June 16 in 1933. Roosevelt began to put his "New Deal" into action. With a democratic majority in Congress on his side, Roosevelt churned out legislation rapidly from the generally sluggish machine of Congress. Banks had been closing all over the country due to frightened citizens withdrawing all of their money. In order to increase trust in them, Congress passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933, which allowed the government to reopen closed banks, and regulate banking and foreign exchange. The Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act was later passed in order to form the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, insurance to civilians for their banking deposits up to $5,000, which was later raised. These to bills encouraged the public to once again trust their banks, and to deposit money in the banks instead of hiding it "under their mattresses." Compared to the more than 4,000 bank failures of 1933, there were only 57 in 1934 because of these actions. The Agricultural Adjustment Act and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation were both formed to help farmers and other households with paying their mortgages, as well as helping the mortgage-holding banks to stay in business. The Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act suspended mortgage foreclosures for three years, and moved farmers with small amounts of poor land to better areas. Trees were planted in the deserted areas in an attempt to prevent soil erosion and block the wind. Moving on from this, Roosevelt decreed that all privately owned gold be turned in to the Treasury and to be paid back in paper money.

Saving Normal

What is normal? Normal, like the word love, has no true definition and will differ with every person you ask. Defined in the dictionary normal is â€Å"to conform to a particular standard† or â€Å"desired pattern†. I believe most people will say a normal person is one whom is free from defect, handicap and mental illness. Metallization is a social process through which a previously normal human condition whether is be behavioral, physiological or emotional, becomes a medical problem in need of treatment.For example, not long ago being a shy person, â€Å"being reserved or having r showing nervousness or timidity in the company of other people†, was common and something most people experienced at some points in their lives. However, now shyness is out the realm of normal and made it's way into medical books. A shy person may now be one who is suffering from â€Å"avoiding personality disorder† or a number of other anxiety-relation mental disorders that has to be treated with antidepressants. In Saving Normal, Dry.Allen Frances argues that a high percentage of people diagnosed with mental illness are actually normal. This widespread metallization of normality is leading to over-treatment and over-medicating of mental health issues. The biggest health threat that we face may be our health-care system. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ADSM, has become the â€Å"bible† for physicists. It was first published in 1953 and since then has been revised several times. The ADSM is the go to guide for doctors, government and health insurers and also used in the law.Being the chair of the ADSM-IV task force, Allen Frances had the inside scoop on how the psychiatric community classified and defined mental disorders and illnesses. He then goes to explain how the newest edition of the ADSM causes people to be diagnosed and prescribed drugs when they actually don't need them. The ADSM-V has expanded criteria for diagno sis of certain mental or psychological conditions and added new conditions that redefine more people as having mental illness. Both of these issues lead to ‘normal' people being labeled as patients in need of pharmaceutical treatment.It is worrying that the decisions about ADSM-V categories are made by experts with financial ties to the industry that benefits most from a widened patient population. Having criteria that is too broad means that people who would do well without medication are being restricted drugs they don't need and may possibly be harmed by. The problems with over-treatment and over-diagnoses as they relate to mental health are alarming. For example, the widespread diagnoses of mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, is appalling.ADD used to be only diagnosed to a small percentage of children, but currently all matters of activeness and disruption a child shows in their classroo m is being initialized. Some kids, particularly boys, are by nature more active than other. Childhood has now become an illness, what now passes for ADD is nothing more than normal variation or developmental difference. Two-thirds or more of active kids who have been mislabel ADD suffer unnecessary stigma, reduced expectations and harmful side effects from the drugs they're on.Metallization has increased the profitability of the pharmaceutical industry. Before you sell a drug you have to sell an illness. Therefore pharmaceutical companies now not only market drugs, but also they market illnesses as well. As relating to ADD, the misleading marketing by drugs companies to push their pills plays a big role in kids being assailable and mistreated once parents or educators view these advertisements. The rate of ADD in the United States has tripled to an inflated 11%. While the sales of ADD medications are approaching a profit of $10 billion a year.As Frances believes the biggest person w ho is responsible for diagnostic inflation is Big Pharmacy.. As soon as the drug companies were able to direct to consumer marketing, advertisements now convinced people that they had some type of mental illness. This resulted in them asking their doctors, mostly primary care physicians who have little raining in psychology, about a variety of prescription drugs. The doctors, whom are easily influenced by the young, sales representatives, are given free samples from drug companies which further pushes the prescribing of expensive medications.Primary care doctors prescribe 80% of psychotropic drugs and as mentioned prior have little training and/or little interest in psychiatry; in addition they spend little time actually evaluating symptoms. A majority of these doctors tend to favor pill solutions and some even build their practice on becoming known for passing out restrictions for whatever the patients wants. A consequence of diagnostic inflation leads to an increased cost for unne cessary drugs and psychiatric treatment.Americans are now spending billions of dollars on psychiatric medications but according to Frances â€Å"We are ignoring the people who have severe psychiatric illness; so that, one-third of people with severe depression see a mental health clinician, two- thirds don't. Two-thirds of people with severe depression get no treatment at all. At the same time, we're way over-diagnosing people who have milder problems that would get better on their own. Diagnosis can cause more harm than good when not really needed. We are over-treating those who don't need treatment, while neglecting those who do.The ADSM-5 medicals things that happen in everyday life, which makes the pool of normal a small puddle. In ADSM-5 normal grief become â€Å"Major Depressive Disorder†; forgetfulness due to old age is â€Å"Mild Unrecognized Disorder†; temper tantrums are â€Å"Disruptive Mood Desegregation Disorder†; gluttony is â€Å"Binge eatingâ⠂¬  and the symptoms for adult ADD most adults will qualify for. As many people are told they are sick, fewer people are being told they are well. This causes an epidemic of diagnoses and creates the impression we live in a sick society.Metallization may lead people to mistakenly believe that they should feel normal all the time despite the life stresses, worries or disappointments they may be going through. This may cause them to think that they have some type of mental illness that needs treatment when they are Just experiencing regular events or feelings that may people have. While these â€Å"normal† people are given ample treatment, this leaves those in actual the need of psychiatric help neglected. We have become a pill popping society. The misuse of legal drugs has now become a bigger public health problem than the use of street drugs.Emergency room visits for overdose on prescription drugs is more frequent than for street drugs. Prescription drug mortality rate is 16 ,000 deaths a year which is more than heroine and cocaine death combined. Frances states our country is spending far too much on unnecessary and often tyrannically harmful health care and far too little on education. Referring back to ADD in children, a large sum of money is wasted on the expensive ADD drugs that would be better invested in smaller classroom sizes and more facilities for physical activity that allow hyper-active children to blow off steam and wear their hypnoses out a little.There should be a better way of understanding and handling normal difference in one's activity, we shouldn't be spending so much money on medical treatment and exposing children to stimulants which have serious long-term side effects. Psychiatric treatment can be very efficient and effective when practiced correctly within appropriate boundaries. Failing diagnoses can result in a lawsuit, but however there are no consequences for over-treatment and over-diagnosis. Diagnostic inflation leads to i ndividual harm and high costs, both economically and socially.Because multiple powerful forces are promoting diagnostic inflation, it will most likely be hard to change it but education is key. People should be educated on disease mongering and be more skeptical and not eagerly believe what experts say. We can learn from Hippocrates rules of thirds: 1/3 gets better on their own, 1/3 don't respond to treatment and 1/3 really benefit from it. Medical experts should make it their goal to be able to tell them about and those who can benefit should be the only one's treated.

The Concept of Federalism in the US - 1083 Words

Federalism Paper The concept of Federalism in the U.S. has experienced a lot of progress through time and it is presently considered to have a positive impact on the country as a whole and on the way that states govern themselves. Even with this, education has always been a field that Federalism focused on, considering that it emphasized the importance of government involvement in the way that education is provided. There is actually much controversy regarding this topic, as even though contemporary federalism promotes the importance related to states governing themselves, it is also dedicated to having all individuals in the U.S. experience little to no problems in their attempts to become educated. Federalism today is very different from how it was in the past but it is difficult to determine the exact extent to which it experienced reform because of newer policies that seem to act in disagreement with attitudes taken several decades ago. Significance of Federalism In spite of the fact that Federalism has concentrated on providing state authorities with more power in the recent decades, conditions are different when concerning education, as in the area of education policy, there seems to be a trend toward growing federal influence (Ryan, 2001). The 1989-1993 Bush Administration put across particular interest in making education something that could primarily be controlled by state authorities. Moreover, the Republican Party actually wanted to abolish the U.S.Show MoreRelatedFederalism in Usa1172 Words   |  5 Pagesexamples of how federalism has evolved from its origins to the American political system in place today Top of Form | | Bottom of Form 2. Examine three to five (3-5) factors that have allowed the concept of federalism to shape American political behavior 3. Discuss at least two (2) factors that illustrate how the relationship between the states and the U.S. federal government influences the creation of American policies overall 1. Provide three (3) examples of how federalism has evolved fromRead MoreFederalism1051 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Is Federalism? POL110 Federalism defines a concept contrary to the federal government that takes all the authority of control. Federalism implies division of command among the levels of government. The central government does not take full control of the relationships of the nation but there is sharing of command between the governments at national and state levels. The Federal association has members from diverse groups represented by their heads and leaders and are held together by a requiredRead MorePol 303 Week 5 Final Paper685 Words   |  3 Pagescom/product/pol-303-week-5-final-paper/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM POL 303 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER POL 303 Week 5 Final Paper Focus of the Final Research Paper In the Final Research Paper, you will use your critical thinking skills to analyze and evaluate a current events topic that has constitutional and political implications. Select from the list below or utilize a topic approved by the instructor. The thesis of the paper will be a statement identifying how the concepts of federalism, civil liberties,Read MoreAnalysis Of Michael Brown And Eric Garner Cases991 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Essay Michael Brown and Eric Garner cases are examples of federalism-civil rights debate and government-sanctioned discriminatory treatment Federalism is a concept of a system of self-sustained units of governments and was considered to be the main idea of the U.S. Constitution. Vincent Ostrom’s The meaning of American federalism gives the definition of federalism as â€Å"a system of government where authority is exercised concurrently by a national government and state or provincial governments†Read MoreArgumentative Essay On Constitutional Federalism966 Words   |  4 PagesFederalism is the system of government in which the United States and many other countries operate. . Federalism a system that involves compromising between the two extremes of Centralization and Decentralization. The system always has opposing sides pushing to get the balance more to their side of the spectrum. In the United States these forces are usually seen as Democrats and Republicans. I see the U.S. located on the spectrum of federalism much closer to Centralization than Decentralization.Read MoreAmeric A Nation Under Federa lism Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica: A Nation Under Federalism Throughout the history of this nation, the Constitution, from the formation to the execution thereof, has set forth the precedent for the demonstration of excessive federal power that is clearly illustrated by history and modern America. Sufficient documentation to back up this premise includes primary documents such as James Madison’s Federalist No. 10, the Constitution of the United States, and other historical pieces. Ample consideration should be given to theRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesconstitutions, they model them after the American Constitution. Political scientists cite a number of different reasons for the success of the US Constitution; the Bill of Rights, separation of powers, and a bicameral legislature with representation based on population and equality all the top their lists. One concept often overlooked, however, is federalism. Defined, federalism is a type of government that divides powers between two eq ual entities, the national and regional government (Clark, 2015). From theRead MoreThe Evolution of Federalism and Housing Policy Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesHamilton, and John Jay drafted the Federalist Papers to persuade the state of New York to ratify the newly drafted United States Constitution, they could never have envisioned the controversy that the political theory of Federalism would generate, and the subsequent evolution of federalism that would follow. The Framers of the Constitution never planned for the federal government to be directly involved with the general welfare of people living within the United States beyond ensuring for a national defenseRead MorePatriotism, Federalism, And Nationalism992 Words   |  4 PagesPatriotism, Federalism, and Nationalism is what keeps America thriving exceptionally. The government was designed to help protect the peace of the land, and to preserve our liberties. An in return Americans patriotic actions demonstrate patriotism, simply by showing respect, love, and support to one another and to the land. Until you are willing to sacrifice it all, for your nation is true love of one’s country. Weather recognizing where your loyalty lie is essential or not. Coming together, workingRead MoreNew Issue Of New Federalism1682 Words   |  7 Pages New Federalism is known as commitment to returning powers to the state governments. Proposed by President Ronald Reagan, who believed federal grants were just a scandal of imposing the federal interests on the states. Reagan believed that federal government would allow a more efficient government within the states and the nation. This reminded America of the main point now of the 10th amendment that because the states are created under the the federal government, it should work for the states, and

The Right Of Refugees From The Syrian Civil War - 1590 Words

The right of refugees to be granted refuge in another country has been a major human rights issue of our time. A refugee, according to international refugee law, is â€Å"all of those who flee persecution on the basis of religion, race, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group† (Goldenziel 2). In this particular case I will examine how Syrian refugees have faced persecution as a result of generalized violence from the Syrian Civil War. This is the worst humanitarian crisis of our time and millions of Syrians are in need of the world’s help. But who should be responsible for taking on the burden of hosting them? I will argue that the European Union (EU), other European nations, and industrialized nations outside of Europe should work together to provide full-support for Syrian refugees by hosting them in an equally distributed manner. In the following essay I will discuss the status of international law surrounding refugee settleme nt and the current debate over providing Syrian refugees support. I will then discuss the factual circumstances that explain why this issue is highly debatable. Next, I will discuss in my view why I think Syrian refugees should be granted the ability to seek refuge in a fair and equally distributed manner, both across the European Union and in non-member European nations. Finally, I will address a standard policy recommendation which the international community can agree on in order to ensure the future safetyShow MoreRelatedSyrian Refugees Should Not Be Allowed Into America1169 Words   |  5 Pages000 people have been killed in the Syrian civil war. Millions of other Syrians are searching for a secure home. America could provide a home to these Syrians if they were well prepared and funded. Taking in Syrian refugees would have no help to Syria, be dangerous for American citizens and be an extremely ignorant move, considering we are not prepared for almost 50,000 refugees. Syri an refugees should not be allowed into America. If Americans do take in refugees, this will have little to no help toRead MoreSyrian Refugees During The Syrian Civil War1573 Words   |  7 PagesSyrian Refugees in Lebanon This is the story of Dania, a ten year old Syrian refugee now living in Lebanon. She can still recall hours spent huddling in a hole in the ground that her father had dug for the family in times of artillery attack, as they crouched in the dirt covering their heads. She could hear the boom of cars exploding, as buildings and stores crumbled to the ground. Ever since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War three years ago, her life has not been the same. Her small school hasRead MoreSyrian Refugees Crisis And The Syrian Refugee Crisis Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesHassanJan Syrian Refugee University of Kansas On September of 2015, the image of 3-year-old Aylan Kurdi went viral. â€Å"The toddler’s lifeless body on a Turkish beach had reverberated across the globe† (Parkinson George-Cosh, 2015). Aylan’s family had â€Å"fled the brutal civil war in their native Syria and only attempted the boat crossing after Canada denied their application of admission as refugees. The image led to an astonishing outpouring of support for Syrian refugees† (Hein NiaziRead MoreThe Arc Of American History1376 Words   |  6 Pagesthe expansion of women s rights or, now, gay rights, I think there is an almost-inevitable march toward greater civil liberties.† -James McGreevey Civil liberties are the freedom of a citizen to exercise rights, without government interference. Every citizen of the United States is allowed right, but what about refugees? Ten-thousand Syrian refugees fleeing a war-torn country will be accepted into the United States. The big question within this debate is â€Å"Is this right and should it be allowed,Read MoreThe Syrian Civil War Is A Continuing International Conflict975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Syrian Civil War is a continuing international conflict caused by the backlash of President Bashar al-Assad’s government. In early 2011, the Arab Spring protests sparked nationwide protests against the government. The protest gradually morphed into armed rebellion. While the civil unrest grew, many native Syrians fled their homeland for the protection and safety of their families. Over two million Syrians are estimated to be living in refugee camps in Turkey but many Syrians who traveled to otherRead MoreApplication Of Admission As Refugees Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge-Cosh, 2015). Aylan’s family had â€Å"fled the brutal civil war in their native Syria and only attempted the boat crossing after Canada denied their application of admission as refugees. The image led to an astonishing outpouring of support for Syrian refugees† (Hein Niazi, 2016). President accepted 10,000 Syrian refugees.† (Hein Niazi, 2016). But â€Å"In the US, the governors of 31 of 50 states issued orders to prevent the resettlement of Syrian refugees and by a vote of 289 to 137 the US House of RepresentativesRead MoreRefugee Crisis Is The Country Of Hopes And Dreams1232 Words   |  5 Pagesexample, we have freedom, rights, equality, and having the nickname â€Å"Melting Pot.† Over many centuries, America has accepted immigrants and refugees of multiple nationalities and backgrounds to live up to their famous nickname. However; why should we stop accepting refugees now? Even though many American s assume accepting refugees will ruin our country, we should accept Syrian refugees into the United States because the Refugee Crisis is a serious problem, accepting refugees is an act of Congress, andRead MoreThe Syrian Refugees1245 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, the millions of Syrian refugees fleeing from their country have difficulty finding a safe haven due to the weariness stigma from the majority of the general populace of the first world countries viewing refugees as alien bodies who are pillaging through first world nations, looking for handouts, and consuming all of the precious resources abundantly available to the masses is predominately apparent in the lives of the fortunate. Even though these Syrian refugees are in dire need of aid,Read MoreThe Conflict Of The Syrian Civil War1395 Words   |  6 Pagesleast four years. The Syrian Civil War that displaced millions of refugees officially began on March 15th, 2011 when protesters stormed the capital of Damascus demanding democratic reforms and the release of political prisoners from the Assad regime. (Kareem Fahim) Unfortunately, these campaigns were met with gunfire, as only a month later the Syrian army engaged in a series of military attacks on its own people—leading to the death of over 1,000 civilians. The Civil War that led to the accumulationRead MoreThe Need Of Humanitarian Assistance1384 Words   |  6 PagesThere is currently a war going on in Syria, and has been going on for a couple of years now, beginning in March 2011. As a result to this, millions of Syrians are stuck in the warzone, becoming malnourished, abused, ill, and oppressed. Their economy, healthcare, education systems and other organizations are being destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of Syrians are being killed, and millions are in need of humanitarian assistance. The biggest dilemma is that roughly half of those who are suffering are

The British Army And The Civil War - 2123 Words

England, 1947. Princess Elizabeth marries George VI, Duke of Edinburgh, in one of the most lavish, anticipated televised events of the decade. The University of Cambridge allows the acceptance of women after nearly 750 years in existence. The British army begins to withdraw troops from the Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. Brain May, a rock ‘n’ roll phenomenon, is born. All significant in their respective areas, these event hold their own place in history. Not one, but two of these events would result in important rulers. More specifically, they would both result in a Queen. Brian May, born July 19, attended Hampton Grammar School during his adolescence. His parents, Harold and Ruth May, raised him in a middle-class, suburban environment and instilled the importance of an education into their beloved only child. He furthered his schooling at Imperial College in London, England where he studied Physics and Mathematics, with a particular focus in Astrophysics. Although hi s education was of an utmost importance, it was at Imperial that he explored his interest in music. May created the band Smile with singer and bassist Tim Staffell and drummer Rodger Taylor in early 1968. Their time was short as the band only recorded a total of six songs in their two year run. Recognizing Smile’s inevitably unsuccessful future, the band parted ways. Brian and Roger however, remained close friends and kept their options open in the hopes of possibly making another attempt in the musicShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Civil War1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States have been in many wars over 100 years. It has changed our country in many different ways. The United States have been successful in all the wars we have been in. I’m gone talk about my favorite wars. The first war I’m gone discuss is the Civil War. This was as they call it the bloodiest clash. The civil War began April 12, 1861 and lasted up until May 9, 1865. It was located in the Southern, Northern and the Western part of the United States. Seven southern laves states declaredRead MoreColonization of Malaysia1630 Words   |  7 Pagesul li Penang was a part of territory of Kedah was considered strategically located to serve as navy base li A British base in Malay archipelago which would secure their trade with China li The British were attracted by the economic resources such ass tin ore, rubber, spices and agricultural products li Competition among western powers for colonies to meet the economic needs of their country. /ul Japanese ul li They wanted to rise as a world power and wanted to expandRead MoreThe Sipahis : Between The Independence And Loyalty994 Words   |  4 Pagesunrest in India and the problems it brought for the Indian Army who at that time was contributing their men and officers in the Second World War for Britain. The Fall of Singapore again posed the question of loyalty amongst the Indian ‘Sipahis’ who were either captured by the Japanese Army or retreated back. The formation of ‘Indian National Army’ by ‘Subhas Chandra Bose’ whose motive was to support the Japanese Army against the British Forces, with the aim of attaining Independence through militaryRead MoreA Creation For A Home For The Jewish People1488 Words   |  6 Pagespost World War II, following the wave of Jewish migration to Palestine, this essay focuses on the process of establishing a national homeland for Jews after the United Nations Partition of Palestine, elimination of the British Ma ndate and Israeli Declaration of Independence. My argument in this paper is the qualitative consequences of Palestinian displacement by Resolution 181 facilitated the Palestine civil war of 1947 which stimulate the progression of hostilities into the 1948 War of LiberationRead MoreAnalysis Of James Mcpherson s The Opening Sentence 931 Words   |  4 Pagesbring the reader into his narrative, and help the reader to begin thinking about the impact the Civil War had on America. According to McPherson the Civil War was constantly changing hands, at some points the Confederates were ahead, and at other times it was the Union Army. McPherson’s thesis is that no one battle decided the war, but Antietam was the â€Å"event† of the war, and changed the course of the war. McPherson effectively confirms his thesis, by not just including the military characteristicsRead MoreThe Motives of Soldiers in the Civil War from For Cause and Comrades by McPherson774 Words   |  4 Pag esdiaries and letters written by soldiers from the Confederate and Union forces, he is able to formally detail accounts on why men fought in the civil war. Consequently, McPherson is able to shed light on the mentality and motives that soldiers possessed that made them fight in the war. Although we will never truly know why soldiers fought in the civil war, this book most definitely gives readers evidence that soldiers had certain values and morals that gave them reason to fight. McPherson’s primaryRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam ( Sears )984 Words   |  4 Pagesuninitiated† wrote a Union officer during the battle of Antietam (Sears). The battle of Antietam was just one of the many battles of the American Civil War, and possibly the most significant. This battle was a pivotal point during the war, which gave the North the power to win the American Civil War. There are three main reasons why there was a civil war in the United States. One well known reason was slavery. The South wanted to continue adding slaves to new states, while the North didn’t. The debateRead More3-4 ADAR History Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pageswinning wars. 3-4 ADAR origins of excellence begins with the War of 1812. Tensions were very high with the British due to several incidents with American merchant ships and the British naval fleet. The Americans were trading with the French during the napoleon wars. The British at the time was at war with the French. Therefore, the British set up blockades to prevent trade with the French. In an effort to gain more control over North America from the British, congress declared war on theRead Moretask 31185 Words   |  5 Pagesthe East India Company acquired its first territory in Bombay, India. The East India Company was a British company that traded for goods, services, and raw materials with India. What initially started as a trading company became a company ruling a country with Brittan’s backing. The company established an army in India comprised mostly of local citizens called Sepoys. With help from the British army and navy, the East India Company fought other European cou ntries also occupying India for control ofRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 Pageshouse divided against itself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanent solution was never sought after by the government. The peoples’ perspective of slavery differed by region. In the South, the economy

Management of Organisations Influence of Transformational Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Management of Organisations for Influence of Transformational Leadership. Answer: Nowadays, the organizations are competing hard to survive in the capricious and fierce market environment; but the key determinant for organizational success is motivated and empowered employees. Motivation is an imperative tool that reinforces employees attitude and behaviour towards work and responsibilities and triggers the tendency to achieve the goals and objectives. Working as an HR employee with a 100-year old renowned Germany-based organization having a foothold in digital distribution, digital storage media, data management, customer care, CRM services, financial services, IT services, etc., requires strong motivation, encouragement and inspiration to unleash the creativity, skills and competencies. The prime motivational driver present at the workplace is effective leadership, the leaders and seniors practice transformational leadership which focuses on inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence and individualized consideration. The leaders foster close and direct communication along with approachable and open-door work environment which motivate the employees to unbridle the latent ideas, creativity and concepts (Thamrin, 2012). The second motivating factor present in the job is recognition and appreciation system, the seniors have always acknowledged and praised the efforts, struggles, attitude, behaviour, actions and performances of the employees. Applauding in front of the entire team, felicitating with awards and certificates, organizing lunch parties or surprise parties, offering employees a platform to contribute in decision-making, etc. are the creative ways that the seniors and leaders follow to show gratitude and respect. This makes the employees feel contented, charged, inspired and empowered. Personally, constantly being valued and respected for the contributions have always been stimulating and stirring to work harder and better (Helmrich, 2015). The third motivational driver at work is organizational culture/climate, one of the core values of this organization is respect for the individual which is enforced at every level of the organization. The organization is strongly against the three Ds: Disrespecting, demeaning and disgracing the colleagues, juniors, seniors, clients, etc. The organizational climate is always energetic and positive. There prevails an effective transfer of knowledge, processes and resources along with teamwork. This leads to increased job satisfaction and commitment. Though there does not exist any strong demotivating or dispiriting factor, but slight alterations in performance management system could boost up the motivation level of employees and could turn out to be quite prolific for the organization. Since the company is still practicing the traditional performance management system; the managers evaluate the performances annually, which at times turns out to be an event of rewarding the deserving employees and warning the under-performers. Conversion of traditional performance review system into the quarterly performance review could be highly interacting and engrossing. Productive meetings, mentoring and guiding could be quite interesting and encouraging for the employees (Studer, 2010). Secondly, imposing the company-wide goals on the employees and structuring employee evaluations around organizational goals becomes dreary. Connecting the dots method could lift employees to provide the collaborative inputs and opinions for the tasks which would eventually be productive for the organization. This might reinforce the employees efforts and lead to employee engagement (Salvarasu, 2014). Referencs: Thamrin, H.M 2012, The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance, Journal of leadership and management, vol. 3, issue no. 2, pp. 12-22. Helmrich, B 2015, 11 creative ways to show employee appreciation, Viewed 26 July 2016, https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8152-employee-appreciation-tips.html. Studer, S 2010, Turn your performance appraisal system into one that works, Viewed 26 July 2016, https://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/quality-insider-news/book-straight-leadership-alignment-action-accountability.html#. Salvarasu, A 2014, A Study of Impact on Performance Appraisal on Employees Engagement in an Organization, International journal of managerial studies and research, Vol. 2, issue no. 11, pp. 10-22.

The Crossman Diaries case Essay Example

The Crossman Diaries case Essay The power of conventions to aid constitutional change may therefore be acknowledged from a political standpoint. The case of Attorney General v Jonathan Cape10 suggests that conventions wield little recognition from a legal perspective. In practice, the courts general attitude towards conventions does in fact reflect badly upon the legal power of conventions. The Crossman Diaries case provides a perfect illustration of the courts unwillingness to apply conventions. The case was regarding the publication of the diaries of Richard Crossman, a minister in the Labour governments from 1964 to 1970. The Attorney General sought to prevent publication on the grounds of a breach of convention. The convention relied upon was of collective ministerial responsibility, the preservation of cabinet secrecy. Lord Widgery CJ stated that a true convention is.. an obligation founded in conscience only11 and subsequently the Attorney General was unable to rely upon a conventional rule. This case is a demonstration of the courts lack of acceptance of conventions as a reason for case redress. Similarly, the case of Manuel v Attorney General12 illustrates the treatment of conventions as an entirely different species from law, which is a nice reflection of the argument of Sir Ivor Jennings that laws and conventions are in substance the same13 to be somewhat flawed. The issue arising from the case of Manuel v Attorney General involved the possible crystallisation of convention into law. It was suggested that the convention that the United Kingdom Parliament should not legislate for Canada except with its permission, might have evolved into a law through long term recognition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crossman Diaries case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crossman Diaries case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crossman Diaries case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Slade LJ, who issued the Court of Appeal judgement, stated that the argument was quite unsustainable in the courts of this country14 and it was concluded that conventions do not possess the power to evolve from political practices to actual laws. However, occasionally the breach of a conventional rule can result in a change in law and I believe this demonstrates that conventions do exert a certain degree of power in legal fields as well as in areas of a purely political nature. The convention that the House of Lords should not obstruct the policy of an elected government when a majority in the House of Commons exists, was thought to have been breached in 1909, with a refusal from the House of Lords to accept budget proposals formulated by the Liberal government. The House of Lords was subsequently denied the power to prevent enactment of a measure accepted as a money bill15. Although it is rare for courts to apply conventions, they often use conventions as a tool for interpretation. In a privy council appeal case regarding the accession of Canada to independence, the convention of equity of status referred to in the preamble, was one of the main grounds for interpreting an otherwise ambiguous section of the Canadian constitution in such a way as to empower Federal Parliament to reject appeals to the privy council from all Canadian courts in civil cases16. Similarly when English courts have objected to review the grounds on which executive discretionary powers have been exercised, they have relied upon the convention that a minister is responsible to parliament for the exercise of power. Although it is not necessary for courts to enforce conventions, it is clear that these non-legal rules impose significant weight of obligation. Conventions play an important role in the operation of constitutions, yet there is still uncertainty surrounding their definition, implications, and scope. There is uncertainty with regard to their position in relation to laws and whether their obligatory nature makes them more than mere habits. The late Professor J D B Mitchell17 held that conventions were no less important than laws stating that: Many conventions are capable of being expressed with the precision of a rule of law, or of being incorporated into law. Precedent is as operative in the formulation of convention as it is in law. It cannot be said that a rule of law is necessarily more certain than a convention. Although this statement is not wholly acceptable, it illustrates the high regard in which conventions are held. The statement about precision must be questioned as only a small number of conventions exist whose precise formulation can be agreed. The issue relating to whether the importance of conventions equates to that of laws can be argued from both directions. In 1930s America the convention that a president should not stand for re-election more than once was considered more important than the law, as the law imposed no restriction. However, Franklin Roosevelt was elected for a third and fourth term which contradicts the argument that conventions are always of equal importance18. I would tend to refrain from drawing the conclusion that laws are always as important if not more important than laws as there is no sanction if a convention is broken and the convention that judges must abstain from party politics is more honoured in breach than in observance. However, what distinguishes these non-legal rules from mere habits is Diceys statement that if certain conventions are broken, legal problems would eventually arise19. The example he gives is that if parliament did not meet every year, legal requirements such as the authorisation of the budget would not be dealt with. The political and legal implications of conventions, as previously discussed, and their main purpose of adapting an otherwise archaic constitution to fit modern political values certainly distinguishes them from mere habits. A constitution without conventions would ultimately fail as they are sufficiently flexible to alter what cannot otherwise be altered; modified with changing social value, recast by those they control, expunged when they become inconvenient, and ignored when they become embarrassing. Ultimately they are a reactive tool whose scope and purpose cannot be attributed to mere habits.